Land Emissions – Absolute Value Graph by Life Cycle Stages

This graph displays solid waste emissions by type for each life cycle stage inclusive of structural and envelope material effects as well as annual operating energy.

Life Cycle Stage Definitions:


Manufacturing:
Includes resource extraction, resource transportation and manufacturing of specific materials, products or roadway components;

Construction:
Includes product/component transportation from the point of manufacture to the construction site and on-site construction activities;

Maintenance:
Includes life cycle maintenance and replacement activities associated with the structure and envelope components based on roadway type, location and a user defined life for the roadway project

Embodied Totals:
Includes life cycle effects due to Manufacturing, Construction adn Maintenance life cycle stages.

Use Phase: Roadway Operating Energy:
Includes life cycle operating energy

Use Phase: Excess Fuel Consumption tue to PVI:
Includes the projected excess fuel consumption due to Pavement Vehicle Interaction.

Roadway "End-of-Life":
Simulates demolition energy and final disposition of the materials incorporated in a roadway at the end of the roadway life. Since roadways are assumed to never really have an end of life scenario, no effects are calculated for demolition.